Niger Drops French, Declares Hausa as National Language in Historic Move

In a bold step toward decolonisation and national identity, Niger’s military government has officially adopted Hausa as the new national language, replacing French, which had long served as the country’s official language since colonial rule.

The announcement was made through a new national charter released on March 31, published in a special edition of the government’s official journal. According to the document, “The national language is Hausa,” while “the working languages are English and French.”

This move is in tandem with the major cultural and political shift under the leadership of General Abdourahamane Tiani, who came to power following the July 26, 2023 military coup that ousted former President Mohamed Bazoum.

Hausa as the Official Language of Niger

Hausa is already the most widely spoken language in Niger, especially in the Zinder, Maradi, and Tahoua regions. An estimated 87% of Niger’s population—approximately 23 million people—speak or understand Hausa, in contrast to only about 13% (3 million) who speak French.

The updated charter also recognises nine other local languages—including Zarma-Songhay, Fula, Kanuri, Gourmanche, and Arabic—as the country’s “spoken languages.”

National Language Change Celebrated on Coup Anniversary

Thousands gathered in Niamey’s largest stadium on March 29 to mark the first anniversary of the 2023 coup, with chants in support of the junta and images of regime leaders printed on clothing. The event was held under heavy security, with armoured vehicles stationed around the venue.

During a national meeting in February, General Tiani received overwhelming public support and was granted approval to remain in power for an additional five years.

Cutting Colonial Ties with France

Since the military takeover, Niger has steadily distanced itself from its former colonial power, France. This includes:

• Expelling French troops from Niger
• Ending diplomatic ties with France
• Renaming roads and public buildings previously bearing French names

Niger’s decision follows similar actions by Mali and Burkina Faso, both of which are also under military rule and former French colonies. The three countries have also withdrawn from the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), a global body supporting French-speaking nations.

A New Era for Niger

With the official adoption of Hausa as the national language, Niger takes a significant step in redefining its post-colonial identity, promoting linguistic inclusivity, and asserting national sovereignty.