The debt-to-GDP ratio shows how much a country owes compared to its yearly economic output. A high percentage means heavy borrowing.
Over 100% often worries investors, but some nations handle it well. In 2025, these 10 countries top the list.
1. Japan – 230%
Japan holds the highest debt-to-GDP ratio at 230%. Decades of slow growth and an aging population led to big spending.
The central bank buys most bonds, keeping costs low. Strong tech and low joblessness help stability. In 2025, Japan will keep spending smart to fight deflation.
2. Sudan – 222%
Sudan’s 222% ratio comes from ongoing war. Since 2023, fighting destroyed oil fields, farms, and trade routes. Loans from China and Gulf nations grow fast. Sky-high inflation and food shortages hurt people. Only peace in 2025 can stop the fall.
3. Singapore – 176%
Singapore’s 176% is on purpose. It borrows for smart cities and green projects. Huge savings funds and perfect credit scores make it safe. 6% growth in 2025 proves debt builds wealth, not trouble.
4. Venezuela – 164%
Venezuela’s 164% started with oil price drops and global sanctions. A 2017 default left giant bills. Using dollars since 2021 calmed prices a bit. High poverty remains. Better oil sales in 2025 could help if leaders agree.
5. Lebanon – 164%
Lebanon’s 164% follows a 2020 crash. Bank collapse, corruption, and a huge port explosion broke the economy. Inflation wiped out savings. IMF help waits for change. Real fixes in 2025 are a must.
6. Greece – 147%
Greece dropped to 147% after tough budget cuts and EU aid. Tourism booms and EU money fuel 3% growth in 2025. Old-age costs still weigh heavy. Greece shows hard work pays.
7. Bahrain – 143%
Bahrain’s 143% links to oil ups and downs. Rich neighbors cover loans. 30% youth unemployment adds stress. Tech and travel plans for 2025 aim to cut oil reliance.
8. Italy – 137%
Italy has Europe’s highest ratio at 137%. Years of deficits and older citizens drive it. EU funds (€200 billion) push digital and eco upgrades. 1.5% growth in 2025 may lower debt if politics stay calm.
9. Maldives – 132%
The Maldives hit 132% after tourism stopped in the pandemic. Loans for hotels and bridges added more. China money helps 10% growth in 2025. Rising seas threaten everything.
10. Mozambique – 131%
Mozambique’s 131% rose from war, storms, and hidden loans. Gas plans wait for safety. IMF fixes ease pain. Peace is the key for 2025.
Key Takeaway: Debt Can Build or Break
High debt-to-GDP sounds scary, but smart use matters. Japan and Singapore grow strong. Sudan and Lebanon fight to survive. In 2025, growth and peace decide winners.
Which country handles debt best? Share your view!
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