This past week, East Africans in the Middle East, particularly Lebanon, were thrown into panic as the country came under heavy attack from Israel, while tensions between Tel Aviv and Iran escalated. The Kenyan government has been facing challenges in getting its citizens to register for evacuation, with some workers reportedly being confined in their workplaces by employers.

This crisis has spotlighted the growing issue of protecting citizens working in high-risk regions. The situation in Lebanon unfolded shortly after Kenya signed a labor export agreement with Germany, aimed at addressing Germany’s aging workforce by tapping into Kenya’s skilled labor pool. President William Ruto views such agreements as a solution to Kenya’s rising unemployment.

However, the policy of labor export is not without its risks. In addition to Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, Kenyans have faced significant dangers in countries like Myanmar, where hundreds of East Africans have been rescued from modern slavery in recent years. Amid growing concerns, 12 Kenyans in Myanmar recently called for urgent rescue, just days after five others were freed from captivity in the country. Thai authorities later charged these five with immigration violations, and it was reported that they had paid ransoms to secure their release.

Kenyan officials acknowledge the complexity of the situation, with some citizens unwilling to be rescued despite the dangers. The government has since banned labor exports to Myanmar and Lebanon, warning Kenyans against traveling there for work. Labor Cabinet Secretary Alfred Mutua has outlined measures to improve how the government responds to distress calls from citizens abroad, including deploying more labor attachés in high-risk areas like Saudi Arabia and establishing a 24/7 toll-free helpline for Kenyans needing assistance.

Saudi Arabia is another country where East Africans, particularly domestic workers, have faced exploitation and modern slavery. In response, Kenya is negotiating new labor agreements that emphasize the export of skilled rather than domestic labor. According to Dr. Mutua, only vetted recruitment agencies listed on the National Employment Authority (NEA) portal are authorized to facilitate job placements.

Kenya’s efforts to protect its citizens abroad extend beyond rescue operations. Recently, the Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs, in collaboration with Thai authorities, rescued 141 Africans, including Kenyans, Ugandans, Ethiopians, and others, from human traffickers in Southeast Asia. The Kenyan embassy in Thailand has repeatedly warned of fake job offers advertised online, luring job seekers into dangerous situations.

Despite these warnings, many job seekers continue to use informal routes to leave the country, often crossing into neighboring countries like Uganda before embarking on their journeys. Myanmar, a particularly risky destination, remains a hotspot for human trafficking, with traffickers often operating in areas controlled by rebel groups.

The trafficking business remains lucrative, with some traffickers earning substantial sums by recruiting Africans for illegal operations. Victims are often led to believe they are being sent to legitimate jobs, only to be trafficked across borders and forced into servitude.

Kenya’s labor export challenges are not unique, with many other African countries grappling with similar issues. While labor migration can provide significant economic benefits, including remittances and skill acquisition, it also poses challenges like the brain drain, where skilled workers leave for better opportunities abroad. Some governments have implemented measures to curb the departure of essential professionals, such as doctors and nurses.

Kenya, like other East African countries, has benefited greatly from diaspora remittances, which in some cases have exceeded revenue from traditional exports. In 2023, Kenya earned $4.2 billion from its diaspora, with remittances playing a vital role in the country’s economy.

However, as President Ruto recently noted, the involvement of rogue agents in labor recruitment has led to exploitation and human trafficking. The government is now taking steps to regulate the labor export industry more effectively, ensuring that only licensed agents operate and that the process remains corruption-free. Ruto emphasized that the goal is to protect vulnerable citizens while reaping the economic benefits of labor migration.